ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the characteristics and trends of HIV and syphilis infections among drug users. Methods Information was collected regarding HIV and syphilis epidemics, as well as on high risk behaviors from the HIV/AIDS surveillance system. Source of information was from HIV/AIDS case- reporting, sentinel surveillance and trend estimation, related to the changes of distribution among HIV positive drug users prevalence rates on HIV and syphilis together with their high risk behaviors. Results Scale number on drug users remained stable in the past six year (from 2003-2009), while the proportion of drug users decreased from 44.2% in 2005 to 25.8% in 2009. Based on the information from HIV/AIDS case reporting system, HIV sentinel surveillance data showed that the HIV prevalence of drug users was quite different from those of Southwestern to Northeastern parts of China. The HIV prevalence in Southwestern China was much higher than that of the Northeastern areas. Sentinel surveillance data showed that the average positive rates were 6.2% and 3.7% on HIV and syphilis , among the drug users. As for injecting drug users (IDU), the average rates on HIV antibody syphilis and HCV were 9.2% and 4.0% respectively. Series surveillance data indicated that the HIV epidemic expanded quickly among drug users from 1995-1999 but became plateaued after 2000 among the IDUs. HIV antibody positive rate remained at 9.0%-10.0% in the past three years while syphilis fluctuated between 3.5%-4.5% in the past three years. Conclusion Drug users and IDUs still remained an important driven factor for HIV/AIDS epidemic in China, suggesting more specific strategies and methods should be developed, based on the characteristics and trends of HIV epidemic, to optimize the allocation HIV prevention and control resources.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the morbidity, burdens caused and risk factors of injuries among children and to provide information for policy making on prevention.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By PPS sampling method, we selected 28 000 households in Beijing and using a questionnaire developed by UNICEF, TASC and China CDC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morbidity of child injury in Beijing was 2.25%, higher than that of adults (1.56%) with 6-9 year group the highest (2.83% ). The morbidity of boys was 3.04% higher than that of girls (1.37%). Among the 7 death cases, 3 were caused by injury(2 RTA, 1 drowning). The three leading causes of injuries were fall, animal bite and road traffic accident in children. Among children aged 0-5 years, fall, animal and burn/machine injuries were the leading causes. Among children aged 0-5 years, the leading causes were hurt by animals, fall and RTA with the leading causes as fall, sprain and RTA. The average medical cost of injury cases was 1617.57 Yuan. There were 3500 children (injured orphan) whose parents were injured leading to death or disability in Beijing in 2003.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Injury was the leading cause of child deaths in Beijing with children of 6-9 years old having the highest morbidity with RTA the most severe type of injuries in Beijing which affects both children and their parents.</p>